Pink Eye
Conjunctivitis commonly called pink eye is an acute inflammation of the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids, most commonly due to an allergic reaction or an infection.
Both bacterial and viral infections are contagious, but usually don't require treatment. Commonly, conjunctival infections are passed from person-to-person due to lack of hygiene measures.
A purulent discharge (a whitish-yellow, yellow or yellow-brown substance more commonly known as pus) strongly suggests bacterial cause from faecal matter, unless there is known exposure to toxins. Pink eye can also be caused by bacteria from faeces, pet hair, or by smoke or other fumes.
Itching (rubbing eyes) is the classic symptom of allergic conjunctivitis. Other symptoms include past history of eczema, or asthma. When the conjunctivitis looks pinker than red there may be a viral cause.
Many people who have conjunctivitis have trouble opening their eyes in the morning because of the dried mucus on their eyelids. There is often excess mucus over the eye after sleeping for an extended period. Conjunctivitis resolves in most cases within two to five days.
For the allergic type, cool water poured over the face with the head inclined downward constricts capillaries, and artificial tears sometimes relieve discomfort in mild cases. In more severe cases, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and antihistamines may be prescribed. Persistent allergic conjunctivitis may also require topical steroid drops.
Bacterial conjunctivitis usually resolves without treatment. Antibiotics eye drops or ointments are only needed if no improvement is observed after three days.
Although there is no specific treatment for viral conjunctivitis, symptomatic relief may be achieved with cold compresses and artificial tears. People are often advised to avoid touching their eyes or sharing towels and washcloths.
Conjunctivitis due to chemicals is treated via irrigation with saline solution. Chemical injuries (particularly alkali burns) are medical emergencies as they can lead to severe scarring, and intraocular damage.
Conjunctivitis usually disappears after a few days but you should go to the doctor. Children should also be taught to keep their hands clean and to use soap.
Sources
Page last updated 13 January 2010
